EPJ Photovoltaics 15, 2 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2023035

Original Article

Communication on the potential of applied PV in the European Union: Rooftops, reservoirs, roads (R³)

European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy

^* e-mail: georgia.kakoulaki@ec.europa.eu

Received: 17 October 2023
Accepted: 11 December 2023
Published online: 30 January 2024

Abstract

Photovoltaics (PV) is a cost-competitive and scalable technology for electricity generation that plays a crucial role to accelerate the European energy transition and achieve carbon neutrality. Large-scale installation of rooftop PV, as well as innovative PV applications such as floating PV coupled with hydropower and bifacial PV along roads and railways, offer multi-benefits, not least in reducing competition for land. In this study, we present a geospatial approach to assess the pan-European technical potential of these three applications, using publicly available datasets. The findings reveal that the PV total installed capacity could exceed 1 TW_p, which is far larger than the total PV capacity for 2030 in the EU Solar Energy Strategy (720 GW_p) and would be a significant contribution to the several TWs needed for the overall transition to net-zero by 2050. The evidence presented is a useful starting point for policy-setting at national and regional level, as well as for research and detailed analyses of location specific solutions.